Grapes are a perennial crop with a robust root system and flexible stems. However, they are also a very delicate plant, sensitive to cold and susceptible to various diseases and pests.
Plants can be adversely affected by viruses, fungi, bacteria, and parasites. Factors that weaken grapes include improper care, external damage, and unfavorable climatic conditions. Decreased resistance increases the risk of diseases such as powdery mildew, rot, anthracnose, and mildew. Pests should also be considered. The most dangerous pests for grapes include spider mites, leaf rollers, phylloxera, scale insects, and mealybugs.
Table of stages of grape processing and the use of preparations
To protect grape bushes from parasites and infectious diseases, gardeners must regularly spray them with special preparations.
The treatment plan for grapes against diseases and pests is presented below. The table describes each stage, indicating favorable And unfavorable days for combating diseases and pests (please note the dates when work is possible only until a certain time) for 2022; treatment is possible on other days.
| Period | Days (depending on region) | Medicines | What is it used for? | |
| Favorable | Unfavorable | |||
| Opening of the vine, buds still dormant. | 1, 4-10, 14, 15, 21-28, 31 (from 12:31 pm) March. 1-7 (until 18:31), 10-14, 17-25 (until 13:15), 27 (from 19:10)-30 April. 1-4, 7 (from 14:51)-11, 14 (until 13:34)-22 (until 18:50), 25, 26, 27-29 (without chemicals), 30, 31 May. |
2, 3, 11-13, 16-20, 29-31 (until 12:31 pm)
7 (from 6:31 p.m.)-9, 2:14-4:16, 25 (from 1:15 p.m.)-27 (until 7:10 p.m.) April. 5-7 (until 14:51), 12-14 (from 13:34), 22 (from 18:50)-24 May. |
Iron sulfate solution (1.5%). | Destruction of overwintered pathogens and parasites. |
| Swelling and bud break | 1-4, 7 (from 14:51)-11, 14 (until 13:34)-22 (until 18:50), 25, 26, 27-29 (without chemicals), 30, 31 May.
|
5-7 (until 14:51), 12-14 (from 13:34), 22 (from 18:50)-24 May. | Use in combination: Poliram; Aktellik or Bi58. |
Preventing infectious diseases that emerged last season. Protection against scale insects. |
| Appearance of 4-5 true leaves | 1-4, 7 (from 14:51)-11, 14 (until 13:34)-22 (until 18:50), 25, 26, 27-29 (without chemicals), 30, 31 May.
3 (from 9:39 p.m.)-8 (until 6:24 p.m.), 11-18, 21-28 (until 2:54 p.m.) June. |
5-7 (until 14:51), 12-14 (from 13:34), 22 (from 18:50)-24 May.
1-3 (until 9:39 p.m.), 8 (from 6:24 p.m.)-10, 19, 20, 28 (from 2:54 p.m.)-30 June |
Topaz or Bi58 Horus Profit Gold Cuprolux Fufanon-Nova Iskra-M |
Neutralization of felt mites and pathogens that cause mildew. Bushes previously affected by this disease are treated. |
| Development of vines | 3 (from 9:39 p.m.)-8 (until 6:24 p.m.), 11-18, 21-28 (until 2:54 p.m.) June. | 1-3 (until 9:39 p.m.), 8 (from 6:24 p.m.)-10, 19, 20, 28 (from 2:54 p.m.)-30 June | Thiovit Jet Topaz |
Protecting shoots from oidium. |
| Before budding | 3 (from 9:39 p.m.)-8 (until 6:24 p.m.), 11-18, 21-28 (until 2:54 p.m.) June.
1-5, 8 (until 08:16)-16 (until 11:19), 18 (from 14:18)-25 (until 20:55), 28 (from 09:37)-31 July. |
6-8 (from 08:16), 16 (from 11:19)-18 (until 14:18), 25 (until 20:55)-28 (until 09:37) July. | Use together: Acrobat MC or Ridomil Gold MC; Actellic Strobi or Topaz. If necessary, Abiga-Peak, Iskra Double Effect, Fufanon-Nova. |
Powdery mildew prevention and treatment during hot weather. Leaf roller control. |
| After flowering | 1-5, 8 (until 08:16)-16 (until 11:19), 18 (from 14:18)-25 (until 20:55), 28 (from 09:37)-31 July.
1, 4 (from 14:47 pm) - 12 (until 21:45 pm), 22-29 (until 12:45 pm), 31 (from 20:12 pm) August. |
6-8 (from 08:16), 16 (from 11:19)-18 (until 14:18), 25 (until 20:55)-28 (until 09:37) July.
2-4 (until 2:47 p.m.), 12 (from 9:45 p.m.) -21, 29 (from 12:45 p.m.) -31 (until 8:12 p.m.) August. |
Thiovit Jet Iskra-M Sulfur (colloidal or garden) |
The reason for treatment is the detection of spider mites and signs of oidium. |
| Formation and growth of clusters | 1-5, 8 (until 08:16)-16 (until 11:19), 18 (from 14:18)-25 (until 20:55), 28 (from 09:37)-31 July.
1, 4 (from 14:47 pm) - 12 (until 21:45 pm), 22-29 (until 12:45 pm), 31 (from 20:12 pm) August. |
6-8 (from 08:16), 16 (from 11:19)-18 (until 14:18), 25 (until 20:55)-28 (until 09:37) July.
2-4 (until 2:47 p.m.), 12 (from 9:45 p.m.) -21, 29 (from 12:45 p.m.) -31 (until 8:12 p.m.) August. |
Actellic in parallel with Ridomil Gold, Topaz, Iskra Double Effect. | Prevention of infectious diseases, elimination of mealybugs, leaf rollers and phylloxera. |
| Maturation | 1, 4 (from 14:47 pm) - 12 (until 21:45 pm), 22-29 (until 12:45 pm), 31 (from 20:12 pm) August.
September 13th. |
2-4 (until 2:47 p.m.), 12 (from 9:45 p.m.) -21, 29 (from 12:45 p.m.) -31 (until 8:12 p.m.) August. | Thiovit Jet Lures |
Tick and wasp control. Treatment is carried out only in dry weather. |
| After the grape harvest | 1-8, 11 (from 09:48 a.m.)-18 (until 11:00 a.m.), 20-25 (until 19:43), September 28-30.
1-6 (until 15:47), 8 (from 18:58)-15 (until 19:12), 18-22, 25 (from 10:19)-31 October. |
9-11 (until 09:48), 18 (from 11:00) -20, 25 (from 19:43) - September 27
6 (from 15:47 pm)-8 (until 18:58 pm), 15 (from 19:12 pm)-17, 23-25 (until 10:19 pm) October |
Alirin-B Fitoverm Lelidocide Iskra Bio Bitoxybacillin |
Protecting bushes from diseases and pests. |
| Before covering the bushes for the winter. | 1-6 (until 15:47), 8 (from 18:58)-15 (until 19:12), 18-22, 25 (from 10:19)-31 October. 1-2 (until 21:47), 5-11, 14 (from 15:48)-19 (until 13:58) November. |
6 (from 15:47 pm)-8 (until 18:58 pm), 15 (from 19:12 pm)-17, 23-25 (until 10:19 pm) October
2 (from 21:47)-4, 12-14 (until 15:48) November |
Nitrafen or DNOC. The latter is used once every three years.
Ferrous sulfate solution (1-1.5%) |
Neutralization of infection carriers and parasites that have survived previous procedures. |
If alarming symptoms appear, additional treatments are performed on the plant. Powdery mildew can be controlled with fungicides such as Tild-250, Thiovit Jet, Strobi, and Topaz. Colloidal and garden sulfur are popular folk remedies.
Fighting mildew in high humidity is much more difficult than in dry weather. Under these circumstances, the following products are best: Delan, Abiga-Peak, Thanos, and Oxychom.
Young shoots can be severely damaged by recurrent frosts. On particularly cool days, the vines themselves are covered with agril. Trellis and clothespins are used to secure the cover. Water-filled containers are placed between the rows. Grapes susceptible to mildew are sprayed with Cuprolux and Profit Gold as a preventative measure. This prevents rot and other pathogenic growths on the foliage and flexible shoots.
Each medication comes with instructions for use. When choosing medicinal formulations, it's important to consider their mode of action.
For example, Profit Gold is classified as a systemic fungicide. The product is used to control pests.
Abiga Peak won't protect new leaves that emerge after treatment. This is due to its contact action. Its beneficial effect is significantly reduced by precipitation. The manufacturer recommends spraying grapevines after each rainfall, and this should be done in dry weather.
Spraying isn't the only mandatory procedure. Experienced winegrowers also add timely fertilizing, weed removal, pruning, loosening, and mulching the soil.
The harvest must be completed before the first autumn frosts. In this case, the gardener should take into account the climate conditions.
Afterwards, the seedlings are carefully dug up and placed in water for eight hours. The next step is placing them in a pre-prepared storage area. Pruning of the vines is carried out only two weeks after the leaves have fallen. The waste is burned, and the soil between the rows is dug up. The grape vines are pruned, watered for the last time, and covered for the winter.
